Docker 安装 Python

方法一、docker pull python:3.5

查找Docker Hub上的python镜像

  1. test@docker:~/python$ docker search python
  2. NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
  3. python Python is an interpreted,... 982 [OK]
  4. kaggle/python Docker image for Python... 33 [OK]
  5. azukiapp/python Docker image to run Python ... 3 [OK]
  6. vimagick/python mini python 2 [OK]
  7. tsuru/python Image for the Python ... 2 [OK]
  8. pandada8/alpine-python An alpine based python image 1 [OK]
  9. 1science/python Python Docker images based on ... 1 [OK]
  10. lucidfrontier45/python-uwsgi Python with uWSGI 1 [OK]
  11. orbweb/python Python image 1 [OK]
  12. pathwar/python Python template for Pathwar levels 1 [OK]
  13. rounds/10m-python Python, setuptools and pip. 0 [OK]
  14. ruimashita/python ubuntu 14.04 python 0 [OK]
  15. tnanba/python Python on CentOS-7 image. 0 [OK]

这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为3.5

  1. test@docker:~/python$ docker pull python:3.5

等待下载完成后,我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为python,标签为3.5的镜像。

  1. test@docker:~/python$ docker images python:3.5
  2. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
  3. python 3.5 045767ddf24a 9 days ago 684.1 MB

方法二、通过 Dockerfile 构建

创建Dockerfile

首先,创建目录python,用于存放后面的相关东西。

  1. test@docker:~$ mkdir -p ~/python ~/python/myapp

myapp目录将映射为python容器配置的应用目录

进入创建的python目录,创建Dockerfile

  1. FROM buildpack-deps:jessie
  2. # remove several traces of debian python
  3. RUN apt-get purge -y python.*
  4. # http://bugs.python.org/issue19846
  5. # > At the moment, setting "LANG=C" on a Linux system *fundamentally breaks Python 3*, and that's not OK.
  6. ENV LANG C.UTF-8
  7. # gpg: key F73C700D: public key "Larry Hastings <larry@hastings.org>" imported
  8. ENV GPG_KEY 97FC712E4C024BBEA48A61ED3A5CA953F73C700D
  9. ENV PYTHON_VERSION 3.5.1
  10. # if this is called "PIP_VERSION", pip explodes with "ValueError: invalid truth value '<VERSION>'"
  11. ENV PYTHON_PIP_VERSION 8.1.2
  12. RUN set -ex \
  13. && curl -fSL "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz" -o python.tar.xz \
  14. && curl -fSL "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz.asc" -o python.tar.xz.asc \
  15. && export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \
  16. && gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$GPG_KEY" \
  17. && gpg --batch --verify python.tar.xz.asc python.tar.xz \
  18. && rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" python.tar.xz.asc \
  19. && mkdir -p /usr/src/python \
  20. && tar -xJC /usr/src/python --strip-components=1 -f python.tar.xz \
  21. && rm python.tar.xz \
  22. \
  23. && cd /usr/src/python \
  24. && ./configure --enable-shared --enable-unicode=ucs4 \
  25. && make -j$(nproc) \
  26. && make install \
  27. && ldconfig \
  28. && pip3 install --no-cache-dir --upgrade --ignore-installed pip==$PYTHON_PIP_VERSION \
  29. && find /usr/local -depth \
  30. \( \
  31. \( -type d -a -name test -o -name tests \) \
  32. -o \
  33. \( -type f -a -name '*.pyc' -o -name '*.pyo' \) \
  34. \) -exec rm -rf '{}' + \
  35. && rm -rf /usr/src/python ~/.cache
  36. # make some useful symlinks that are expected to exist
  37. RUN cd /usr/local/bin \
  38. && ln -s easy_install-3.5 easy_install \
  39. && ln -s idle3 idle \
  40. && ln -s pydoc3 pydoc \
  41. && ln -s python3 python \
  42. && ln -s python3-config python-config
  43. CMD ["python3"]

通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像,替换成你自己的名字

  1. test@docker:~/python$ docker build -t python:3.5 .

创建完成后,我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

  1. test@docker:~/python$ docker images python:3.5
  2. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
  3. python 3.5 045767ddf24a 9 days ago 684.1 MB

使用python镜像

在~/python/myapp目录下创建一个 helloworld.py 文件,代码如下:

  1. #!/usr/bin/python
  2. print("Hello, World!");

运行容器

  1. test@docker:~/python$ docker run -v $PWD/myapp:/usr/src/myapp -w /usr/src/myapp python:3.5 python helloworld.py

命令说明:

  • -v $PWD/myapp:/usr/src/myapp :将主机中当前目录下的myapp挂载到容器的/usr/src/myapp

  • -w /usr/src/myapp :指定容器的/usr/src/myapp目录为工作目录

  • python helloworld.py :使用容器的python命令来执行工作目录中的helloworld.py文件

输出结果:

  1. Hello, World!